Cut-off shifted optical fibre with large effective area

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides an optical fibre. The optical fibre includes a core region, a primary trench region and a secondary trench region. The core region has a radius r 1 . In addition, the core region has a relative refractive index Δ 1 . Further, the primary trench region has a relative refractive index Δ 3 . Furthermore, the primary trench region has a curve parameter α trench-1 . Moreover, the secondary trench region has a relative refractive index Δ 4 . Also, the secondary trench region has a curve parameter α trench-2 .

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present disclosure relates to the field of optical fibre.Particularly, the present disclosure relates to a cutoff shifted opticalfibre with high mode field diameter. The present application is basedon, and claims priority from Indian application 201921031253 filed on 2Aug. 2019, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by referenceherein.

Description of the Related Art

With the advancement of science and technology, various moderntechnologies are being employed for communication purposes. One of themost important modern communication technologies is optical fibrecommunication technology using a variety of optical fibres. Opticalfibre is used to transmit information as light pulses from one end toanother. The telecommunication industry is continuously striving fordesigns to achieve high optical signal to noise ratio and low losses.The ongoing research suggests that the optical fibre of G.654.E categoryis an improved version of G.654.B and an alternative to G.652.D thatfaces challenges in 400 G transmission in territorial long haulcommunication due to non-linear effects. In addition, major challengesin 400 G long haul communication are due to non-linear effects, lowoptical signal to noise ratio and high attenuation.

In light of the above stated discussion, there is a need for an opticalfibre that overcomes the above sited drawbacks.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to an optical fiber. Theoptical fiber includes a core region. In addition, the optical fiberincludes a primary trench region. Further, the optical fiber includes asecondary trench region adjacent to the primary trench region. The coreregion has a radius r₁. Furthermore, the core region has a relativerefractive index Δ₁. The relative refractive index Δ₁ is in range ofabout 0 to 0.13. Moreover, the primary trench region has a relativerefractive index Δ₃. The primary trench region has a curve parameterα_(trench-1). Also, the secondary trench region has a relativerefractive index Δ₄. The secondary trench region has a curve parameterα_(trench-2). Also, the relative refractive index Δ of the secondarytrench region is greater than the relative refractive index Δ of theprimary trench region. Also, the optical fiber has a cable cutoffwavelength up to 1530 nanometer. Also, the optical fiber has attenuationof up to 0.17 dB/km at a wavelength of about 1550 nanometer. The opticalfiber has a mode field diameter in range of about 12 micrometer to 13micrometer. Also, the optical fiber has chromatic dispersion in range ofabout 17 picosecond per nanometer-kilometer to 23 picosecond pernanometer kilometer at wavelength of about 1550 nanometer. Also, theoptical fiber has an effective area in range of about 110 micrometersquare to 135 micrometer square. The optical fiber has macrobend loss upto 0.1 decibel per 100 turns corresponding to wavelength of 1625nanometer at bending radius of about 30 millimeter and macrobend loss upto 0.03 decibel per 100 turns corresponding to wavelength of 1550nanometer at bending radius of about 30 millimeter.

A primary object of the present disclosure is to provide an opticalfibre with low loss.

Another object of the present disclosure is to provide the optical fibrewith large mode field diameter.

In an aspect, the present disclosure provides an optical fiber. Theoptical fiber includes a core region. In addition, the optical fiberincludes a primary trench region. Further, the optical fiber includes asecondary trench region adjacent to the primary trench region. The coreregion has a radius r1. Furthermore, the core region has a relativerefractive index Δ₁. The relative refractive index Δ₁ is in range ofabout 0 to 0.13. Moreover, the primary trench region has a relativerefractive index Δ₃. The primary trench region has a curve parameterα_(trench-1). Also, the secondary trench region has a relativerefractive index Δ₄. The secondary trench region has curve parameterα_(trench-2).

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical fibre includes abuffer clad region. The buffer clad region separates the core region andthe primary trench region.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical fibre includes abuffer clad region. In addition, the buffer clad region has a relativerefractive index profile Δ2. The relative refractive index Δ2 is inrange of about −0.05 to 0.05. The buffer clad region has a radius r2.The radius r2 is in range of about 6 micrometers to 6.4 micrometer.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical fibre includes abuffer clad region. The buffer clad region separates the core region andthe primary trench region. In addition, the buffer clad region has arelative refractive index Δ2. The relative refractive index Δ2 is inrange of about −0.05 to 0.05. Further, the buffer clad region has aradius r2. The radius r2 is in range of about 7.3 micrometer to 7.7micrometer.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical fibre includes abuffer clad region. The buffer clad region separates the core region andthe primary trench region. The buffer clad region has a relativerefractive index Δ2.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the core region has a curveparameter α1. The curve parameter α1 is in range of about 6 to 9. Thecore region has the radius r1 in range of about 4.7 micrometer to 5.1micrometer. The relative refractive index Δ3 of the primary trenchregion is in range of about −0.28 to −0.32. The curve parameter of theprimary trench region αtrench-1 is in range of about 5 to 7. Therelative refractive index Δ4 of the secondary trench region is in rangeof about −0.41 to −0.45. The curve parameter of the secondary trenchregion αtrench-2 is in range of about 6 to 9. The primary trench regionhas a radius r3. The radius r3 is in range of about 11 micrometer to 13micrometer. The secondary trench region has a radius r4. The radius r4is in range of about 23 micrometer to 28 micrometer.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the core region has a curveparameter α1. The curve parameter α1 is in range of about 5 to 7. Inaddition, the core region has the radius r1 in range of about 5.5micrometer to 5.9 micrometer. The relative refractive index Δ3 of theprimary trench region is in range of about −0.28 to −0.32. The curveparameter of the primary trench region αtrench-1 is in range of about 5to 7. The relative refractive index Δ4 of the secondary trench region isin range of about −0.42 to −0.48. The curve parameter of the secondarytrench region αtrench-2 is in range of about 7 to 9. The optical fibreincludes a third trench region. The third trench region is adjacent tothe secondary trench region. The relative refractive index Δ5 of thethird trench region is in range of about −0.1 to −0.15. The primarytrench region has a radius r3. The radius r3 is in range of about 10micrometer to 14 micrometer. The secondary trench region has a radiusr4. The radius r4 is in range of about 16 micrometer to 20 micrometer.The third trench region has a radius r5. The radius r5 is in range ofabout 38 micrometer to 42 micrometer.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the core region is definedalong a central longitudinal axis of the optical fibre.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, The relative refractiveindex Δ4 of the secondary trench region is greater than The relativerefractive index Δ3 of the primary trench region.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical fibre includes acladding region. The cladding region has a radius rclad. The radiusrclad of the cladding region is up to 62.5 micrometer. Further, thecladding region has a relative refractive index Δclad of about 0.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical fibre has acable cutoff wavelength up to 1530 nanometer. Also, the optical fibrehas attenuation of up to 0.17 dB/km at a wavelength of about 1550nanometer. In addition, the optical fibre has a mode field diameter inrange of about 12 micrometer to 13 micrometer. Further, the opticalfibre has chromatic dispersion in range of about 17 picosecond pernanometer-kilometer to 23 picosecond per nanometer-kilometer atwavelength of about 1550 nanometer. Furthermore, the optical fibre hasan effective area in range of about 110 micrometer square to 135micrometer square. Moreover, the optical fibre has macrobend loss up to0.1 decibel per 100 turns corresponding to wavelength of 1625 nanometerat bending radius of about 30 millimeter and macrobend loss up to 0.03decibel per 100 turns corresponding to wavelength of 1550 nanometer atbending radius of about 30 millimeter.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides an optical fibre. Theoptical fibre includes a core region. In addition, the optical fibreincludes a primary trench region. Further, the optical fibre includes asecondary trench region adjacent to the primary trench region. The coreregion has a radius r1. Furthermore, the core region has a relativerefractive index Δ1. The relative refractive index Δ1 is in range ofabout 0 to 0.13. Moreover, the primary trench region has a relativerefractive index Δ3. The primary trench region has a curve parameterαtrench-1. Also, the secondary trench region has a relative refractiveindex Δ4. The secondary trench region has an curve parameter αtrench-2.Also, The relative refractive index Δ4 of the secondary trench region isgreater than The relative refractive index Δ3 of the primary trenchregion. Also, the optical fibre has a cable cutoff wavelength up to 1530nanometer. Also, The optical fibre has attenuation of up to 0.17 dB/kmat a wavelength of about 1550 nanometer. The optical fibre has a modefield diameter in range of about 12 micrometer to 13 micrometer. Also,the optical fibre has chromatic dispersion in range of about 17picosecond per nanometer-kilometer to 23 picosecond per nanometerkilometer at wavelength of about 1550 nanometer. Also, the optical fibrehas an effective area in range of about 110 micrometer square to 135micrometer square. The optical fibre has macrobend loss up to 0.1decibel per 100 turns corresponding to wavelength of 1625 nanometer atbending radius of about 30 millimeters and macrobend loss up to 0.03decibel per 100 turns corresponding to wavelength of 1550 nanometer atbending radius of about 30 millimeters.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

Having thus described the disclosure in general terms, reference willnow be made to the accompanying figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a cross sectional view of an optical fibre, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross sectional view of the optical fibre, inaccordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of graph between refractive index andradius of the optical fibre, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent disclosure; and

FIG. 4 illustrates another example of graph between refractive index andradius of the optical fibre, in accordance with another embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

It should be noted that the accompanying figures are intended to presentillustrations of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Thesefigures are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.It should also be noted that accompanying figures are not necessarilydrawn to scale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to selected embodiments of thepresent disclosure in conjunction with accompanying figures. Theembodiments described herein are not intended to limit the scope of thedisclosure, and the present disclosure should not be construed aslimited to the embodiments described. This disclosure may be embodied indifferent forms without departing from the scope and spirit of thedisclosure. It should be understood that the accompanying figures areintended and provided to illustrate embodiments of the disclosuredescribed below and are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings,like numbers refer to like elements throughout, and thicknesses anddimensions of some components may be exaggerated for providing betterclarity and ease of understanding.

It should be noted that the terms “first”, “second”, and the like,herein do not denote any order, ranking, quantity, or importance, butrather are used to distinguish one element from another. Further, theterms “a” and “an” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, butrather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item.

FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an optical fibre 100, inaccordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Ingeneral, optical fibre is a thin strand of glass or plastic capable oftransmitting optical signals. In an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, the optical fibre 100 is configured to transmit informationover long distances with high optical signal to noise ratio, lownon-linear effects, low latency and low attenuation. The optical fibre100 of the present disclosure is fully compliant with the requirement ofITU (International Telecommunication Union-TelecommunicationStandardization Sector)-G.654 E standards.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical fibre includes acore region 102. The core region 102 is associated with refractive indexprofile. The refractive index profile provides relation betweenrefractive index and radius of the optical fiber 102. Moreover, therefractive index of the optical fibre 100 changes with an increase inradius. Further, refractive index profile is modified based onregulation of a plurality of parameters. The plurality of parametersincludes but may not be limited to curve parameter alpha, relativerefractive index delta and radius. The core region 102 has a curveparameter α₁. In general, the curve parameter alpha indicates shape ofrefractive index profile. The core region 102 has the curve parameter α₁in range of about 6 to 9. In an embodiment of the present disclosure,value of the curve parameter α₁ of the core region 102 may vary. In anexample, the core region 102 has the curve parameter α₁ of about 8. Thecore region 102 is defined along a central longitudinal axis 112 of theoptical fibre 100. In general, longitudinal axis is an imaginary axispassing through center of the optical fibre.

The core region 102 has a relative refractive index Δ₁. The relativerefractive index Δ₁ of the core region 102 is in range of about 0 to0.13. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, The relativerefractive index Δ₁ of the core region 102 may vary. In an example, Therelative refractive index Δ₁ of the core region 102 is 0.12.

The core region 102 has a first radius r₁. The core region 102 has thefirst radius r₁ in range of about 4.7 micrometer to 5.1 micrometer. Inan embodiment of the present disclosure, the first radius r₁ of the coreregion 102 may vary. In an example, the core region 102 has the firstradius r₁ of about 4.9 micrometer.

The optical fibre 100 includes a buffer clad region 104. The buffer cladregion 104 separates the core region 102 and the primary trench region106. The buffer clad region 104 has a relative refractive index Δ₂. Thebuffer clad region 104 has The relative refractive index Δ₂ in range ofabout −0.05 to 0.05. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, Therelative refractive index Δ₂ of the buffer clad region 104 may vary. Thebuffer clad region 104 has a radius r₂. The radius r₂ of the buffer cladregion 104 is in range of about 6 micrometer to 6.4 micrometer. In anembodiment of the present disclosure, the radius r₂ of the buffer cladregion 104 may vary. In an example, the buffer clad region 104 has theradius r₂ of about 6.2 micrometer.

The optical fibre 100 includes the primary trench region 106. Theprimary trench region 106 has a radius r₃. The radius r₃ of the primarytrench region 106 is in range of about 11 micrometer to 13 micrometer.In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the radius r₃ of the primarytrench region 106 region may vary. In an example, the primary trenchregion 106 has the radius r₃ of about 12 micrometer.

The primary trench region 106 has a relative refractive index Δ₃. Therelative refractive index Δ₃ of the primary trench region 106 is inrange of about −0.28 to −0.32. In an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, The relative refractive index Δ₃ of the primary trenchregion 106 may vary. In an example, The relative refractive index Δ₃ ofthe primary trench region 106 is about −0.3. The relative refractiveindex Δ₃ of the primary trench region 106 indicates relative refractiveindex difference represented by percentage.

The primary trench region 106 has a curve parameter α_(trench-1). Thecurve parameter α_(trench-1) of the primary trench region 106 is inrange of about 5 to 7. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, thecurve parameter α_(trench-1) of the primary trench region 106 may vary.In an example, the curve parameter α_(trench-1) of the primary trenchregion 106 is about 6.

The optical fibre 100 includes a secondary trench region 108. Thesecondary trench region 108 is adjacent to the primary trench region106. The secondary trench region 108 has a radius r₄. The secondarytrench region 108 has the radius r₄ in range of about 23 micrometer to28 micrometer. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the radius r₄of the secondary trench region 108 may vary. In an example, thesecondary trench region 108 has the radius r₄ of about 25 micrometer.

The secondary trench region 108 has a relative refractive index Δ₄. Therelative refractive index Δ₄ is in range of about −0.41 to −0.45. In anembodiment of the present disclosure, the relative refractive index Δ₄of the secondary trench region 108 may vary. In an example, thesecondary trench region 108 has The relative refractive index Δ₄ ofabout −0.43. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, The relativerefractive index Δ₄ of the secondary trench region 108 is greater thanThe relative refractive index Δ₃ of the primary trench region 106.

The secondary trench region 108 has a curve parameter α_(trench-2). Thesecondary trench region 108 has the curve parameter α_(trench-2) inrange of about 6 to 9. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, thecurve parameter α_(trench-2) of the secondary trench region 108 mayvary. In an example, the secondary trench region 108 has curve parameterα_(trench-2) in range of about 8.

The first optical fibre 100 includes a cladding region 110. The claddingregion 110 has a radius r_(clad). The cladding region 110 has the radiusr_(clad) of up to 62.5 micrometer. In an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, the radius r_(clad) of the cladding region 110 may vary. Thecladding region 110 has a relative refractive index Δ_(clad). Therelative refractive index Δ_(clad) of the cladding region 110 is ofabout 0.

The optical fibre 100 has a mode field diameter. The optical fibre 100has a mode field diameter in range of about 12 micrometer to 13micrometer at wavelength of about 1550 nanometer. In an embodiment ofthe present disclosure, the mode field diameter of the optical fibre 100at wavelength of about 1550 nanometer may vary. In an example, theoptical fibre 100 has the mode field diameter of about 12.2 micrometerat wavelength of about 1550 nanometer. In an embodiment, the opticalfibre 100 has attenuation of up to 0.17 dB/km at a wavelength of about1550 nanometer. The optical fibre 100 has chromatic dispersion in rangeof about 17 picosecond per nanometer-kilometer to 23 picosecond pernanometer-kilometer at wavelength of about 1550 nanometer. In anembodiment of the present disclosure, chromatic dispersion of theoptical fibre 100 at wavelength of about 1550 nanometer may vary. In anexample, the optical fibre 100 has chromatic dispersion of about 21.5picosecond per nanometer-kilometer. The optical fibre 100 has chromaticdispersion of up to 29 picosecond per nanometer-kilometer at wavelengthof about 1625 nanometer. In an embodiment of the present disclosure,chromatic dispersion of the optical fibre 100 at wavelength of about1625 nanometer may vary. In an example, the optical fibre 100 haschromatic dispersion of about 26 picosecond per nanometer-kilometer atwavelength of about 1625 nanometer.

The optical fibre 100 has a cable cutoff wavelength up to 1530nanometer. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, cable cutoffwavelength of the optical fibre 100 may vary. In an example, the opticalfibre 100 has the cable cutoff wavelength of about 1480 nanometer. Theoptical fibre 100 has macrobend loss up to 0.1 decibel per 100 turnscorresponding to wavelength of 1625 nanometer at bending radius of about30 millimeter and macrobend loss up to 0.03 decibel per 100 turnscorresponding to wavelength of 1550 nanometer at bending radius of about30 millimeter. In an example, the optical fibre 100 has the macrobendloss of about 0.01 decibel per 100 turns corresponding to wavelength of1550 nanometer at bending radius of about 30 millimeter. In an example,the optical fibre 100 has the macrobend loss of about 0.045 decibel per100 turns corresponding to wavelength of 1625 nanometer at bendingradius of about 30 millimeter.

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross sectional view of the optical fibre 100, inaccordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. Theoptical fibre 100 is a G.654 E single mode optical fibre. However, theoptical fibre 100 is not limited to above mentioned optical fibre. Ingeneral, optical fibre is used for transmitting information as lightpulses from one end to another. In addition, the optical fibre 100 is athin strand of glass or plastic capable of transmitting optical signals.In general, optical fibre refers to a medium associated withtransmission of information over long distances in the form of lightpulses. Further, the optical fibre 100 uses light to transmit voice anddata communications over long distances. In addition, optical fibres areused in optical fibre cables to transmit information over largedistances.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical fibre 100 isused for 400 G long haul applications. In another embodiment of thepresent disclosure, the optical fibre 100 is utilized for otherapplications. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the opticalfibre 100 complies with specific telecommunication standards. Thetelecommunication standards are defined by InternationalTelecommunication Union-Telecommunication (hereinafter “ITU-T”). In anembodiment of the present disclosure, the optical fibre 100 is compliantwith G.654E recommendation standard set by the ITU-T.

The optical fibre 100 includes the core region 102. In an embodiment ofthe present disclosure, the core region 102 has the radius r₁ in rangeof about 5.5 micrometer to 5.9 micrometer. In another embodiment of thepresent disclosure, the radius r₁ of the core region 102 may vary. In anexample, the radius r₁ of the core region 102 is of about 5.7micrometer. The core region 102 has the curve parameter α₁. In general,curve parameter alpha indicates shape of refractive index profile. In anembodiment of the present disclosure, the core region 102 has the curveparameter α₁ in range of about 5 to 7. In another embodiment of thepresent disclosure, the curve parameter α₁ of the core region 102 mayvary. In an example, the core region 102 has the curve parameter α₁ ofabout 6.

The core region 102 has The relative refractive index Δ₁. In anembodiment of the present disclosure, The relative refractive index Δ₁is in range of about 0 to 0.1. In another embodiment of the presentdisclosure, The relative refractive index Δ₁ of the core region 102 mayvary. In an example, The relative refractive index Δ₁ is of about 0.1.

The optical fibre 100 includes the buffer clad region 104. The bufferclad region 104 separates the core region 102 and the primary trenchregion 106. The buffer clad region 104 has The relative refractive indexΔ₂. The buffer clad region 104 has The relative refractive index Δ₂ inrange of about 0. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, Therelative refractive index Δ₂ of the buffer clad region 104 may vary. Thebuffer clad region 104 has the radius r₂ in range of about 7.3micrometer to 7.7 micrometer. In another embodiment of the presentdisclosure, the radius r₂ of the buffer clad region 104 may vary. In anexample, the buffer clad region 104 has the radius r₂ of about 7.5micrometer.

The optical fibre 100 includes the primary trench region 106. Theprimary trench region 106 has the radius r₃. The radius r₃ of theprimary trench region 106 is in range of about 10 micrometer to 14micrometer. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the radius r₃ ofthe primary trench region 106 may vary. In an example, the primarytrench region 106 has the radius r₃ of about 12 micrometer.

The primary trench region 106 has a relative refractive index Δ3. Therelative refractive index Δ3 of the primary trench region 106 is inrange of about −0.28 to −0.32. In an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, The relative refractive index Δ3 of the primary trenchregion 106 may vary. In an example, The relative refractive index Δ3 ofthe primary trench region 106 is about −0.3.

The primary trench region 106 has a curve parameter α_(trench-1). Thecurve parameter α_(trench-1) of the primary trench region 106 is inrange of about 5 to 7. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, thecurve parameter α_(trench-1) of the primary trench region 106 may vary.In an example, the curve parameter α_(trench-1) of the primary trenchregion 106 is about 6.

The optical fibre 100 includes the secondary trench region 108. Thesecondary trench region 108 is adjacent to the primary trench region106. The secondary trench region 108 has a radius r₄. The secondarytrench region 108 has the radius r₄ in range of about 16 micrometer to20 micrometer. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the radius r₄of the secondary trench region 108 may vary. In an example, thesecondary trench region 108 has the radius r₄ of about 18 micrometer.

The secondary trench region 108 has a relative refractive index Δ₄. Therelative refractive index Δ₄ is in range of about −0.42 to −0.48. In anembodiment of the present disclosure, the relative refractive index Δ₄of the secondary trench region 108 may vary. In an example, thesecondary trench region 108 has The relative refractive index Δ₄ ofabout −0.45. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, The relativerefractive index Δ₄ of the secondary trench region 108 is greater thanThe relative refractive index Δ₃ of the primary trench region 106.

The secondary trench region 108 has the curve parameter alphaα_(trench-2). The secondary trench region 108 has the curve parameteralpha α_(trench-2) in range of about 7 to 9. In an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, the curve parameter alpha α_(trench-2) of thesecondary trench region 108 may vary. In an example, the secondarytrench region 108 has the curve parameter alpha α_(trench-2) in range ofabout 8.

The optical fibre 100 includes the third trench region 114. The thirdtrench region 114 is adjacent to the secondary trench region 108. Thethird trench region 114 has a radius r₅. The third trench region 114 hasthe radius r₅ in range of about 38 micrometer to 42 micrometer. In anembodiment of the present disclosure, the radius r₅ of the third trenchregion 114 may vary. In an example, the third trench region 114 has theradius r₅ of about 40 micrometer.

The third trench region 114 has a relative refractive index Δ₅. Therelative refractive index Δ₅ is in range of about −0.1 to −0.15. In anembodiment of the present disclosure, the relative refractive index Δ₅of the third trench region 114 may vary. In an example, the third trenchregion 114 has The relative refractive index Δ₅ of about −0.13.

The optical fibre 100 includes the cladding region 110. The claddingregion 110 has the radius r_(clad). The cladding region 110 has theradius r_(clad) of up to 62.5 micrometer. In an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, the radius r_(clad) of the cladding region 110 mayvary. The cladding region 110 has a relative refractive index Δ_(clad).The relative refractive index Δ_(clad) of the cladding region 110 is ofabout 0.

The optical fibre 100 has a mode field diameter. The optical fibre 100has a mode field diameter in range of about 12 micrometer to 13micrometer at wavelength of about 1550 nanometer. In an embodiment ofthe present disclosure, the mode field diameter of the optical fibre 100at wavelength of about 1550 nanometer may vary. In an embodiment, theoptical fibre 100 has attenuation of up to 0.17 dB/km at a wavelength ofabout 1550 nanometer. In an example, the optical fibre 100 has the modefield diameter of about 12.7 micrometer at wavelength of about 1550. Theoptical fibre 100 has chromatic dispersion in range of about 17picosecond per nanometer-kilometer to 23 picosecond pernanometer-kilometer at wavelength of about 1550 nanometer. In anembodiment of the present disclosure, chromatic dispersion of theoptical fibre 100 at wavelength of about 1550 nanometer may vary. In anexample, the optical fibre 100 has chromatic dispersion of about 22.3picosecond per nanometer-kilometer. The optical fibre 100 has chromaticdispersion of up to 29 picosecond per nanometer-kilometer at wavelengthof about 1625 nanometer. In an embodiment of the present disclosure,chromatic dispersion of the optical fibre 100 at wavelength of about1625 nanometer may vary. In an example, the optical fibre 100 haschromatic dispersion of about 26.8 picosecond per nanometer-kilometer atwavelength of about 1625 nanometer.

The optical fibre 100 has a cable cutoff wavelength up to 1530nanometer. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, cable cutoffwavelength of the optical fibre 100 may vary. In an example, the opticalfibre 100 has the cable cutoff wavelength of about 1425 nanometer. Theoptical fibre 100 has macrobend loss up to 0.1 decibel per 100 turnscorresponding to wavelength of 1625 nanometer at bending radius of about30 millimeter and macrobend loss up to 0.03 decibel per 100 turnscorresponding to wavelength of 1550 nanometer at bending radius of about30 millimeter. In an example, the optical fibre 100 has the macrobendloss of about 0.015 decibel per 100 turns corresponding to wavelength of1550 nanometer at bending radius of about 30 millimeter. In an example,the optical fibre 100 has the macrobend loss of about 0.06 decibel per100 turns corresponding to wavelength of 1625 nanometer at bendingradius of about 30 millimeter.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a graph 300 between refractive indexand radius of the optical fibre 100, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. The core region 102 is associated withrefractive index profile. In an embodiment of the present disclosure,refractive index profile provides the relation between refractive indexand radius of the optical fibre 100. In addition, radius of the coreregion 102 is in range of about 4.7 micrometer to 5.1 micrometer.Furthermore, the graph 300 illustrates relation between refractive indexand radius of the core region 102. Moreover, the refractive index of theoptical fibre 100 changes with an increase in radius of the opticalfibre 100. Further, refractive index profile is modified based onregulation of a plurality of parameters. The plurality of parametersincludes but may not be limited to curve parameter alpha, relativerefractive index delta and radius. The curve parameter alpha is anon-dimensional parameter that is indicative of the shape of refractiveindex profile. The refractive index profile and relative refractiveindex of the optical fiber is given by the following equations:

Relative Refractive Index is given by,

Δ i = [n_(i)² − n_(clad)²]/?${{Index}\mspace{14mu} {profile}\mspace{14mu} {is}\mspace{14mu} {given}\mspace{14mu} {{by}:{n(r)}}} = {{{n_{\max}\left\lbrack {1 - {2\Delta 1\left( \frac{r}{R1} \right)^{\alpha}}} \right\rbrack}^{0.5}\mspace{14mu} {for}\mspace{14mu} r} \leq {R\; 1}}$n(r) = n_(clad)  for  R 1 ≤ r < R 2  and  r ≥ R 4${n(r)} = {{n_{clad} - {{n_{trench}\left\lbrack {1 + {2{{\Delta 3}\left( \frac{\left( {{R3} - r} \right)}{\left( {{R\; 3} - {R\; 2}} \right)} \right)}^{\alpha_{{trench}\; \_ 1}}}} \right\rbrack}^{0.5}\mspace{14mu} {for}\mspace{14mu} R\; 2}} \leq r < {R3}}$${n(r)} = {{n_{{trench}\; \_ \; 1} - {{n_{{trench}\; \_ \; 2}\left\lbrack {1 + {2\Delta 4\left( \frac{\left( {{R4} - r} \right)}{\left( {{R\; 4} - {R\; 3}} \right)} \right)^{\alpha_{{trench}\; \_ \; 2}}}} \right\rbrack}^{0.5}\mspace{14mu} {for}\mspace{14mu} R\; 3}} \leq r < {R\; 4}}$?indicates text missing or illegible when filed

Here i=1,2,3 regions. Region 1 is core region and n_(max) is the maximumrefractive index of the core region. Region 2 is buffer clad region andn_(clad) is the refractive index of the pure silica. Region 3 is primarytrench region, n_(trench_1) is the minimum refractive index of theprimary trench region. Region 4 is second trench region and n_(trench_2)is the minimum refractive index of the second trench region.

FIG. 4 illustrates another example of a graph 400 between refractiveindex and radius of the core region 102 of the optical fibre 100, inaccordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. The coreregion 102 is associated with refractive index profile. In an embodimentof the present disclosure, refractive index profile provides relationbetween refractive index and radius of the optical fiber 100. In anembodiment of the present disclosure, the radius r₁ of the core region102 has a value of about 5.7 micrometer. In another embodiment of thepresent disclosure, the radius r₁ of the core region 102 may vary.Furthermore, the graph 400 illustrates relation between refractive indexand radius of the fiber. Moreover, the refractive index of the opticalfibre 100 changes with an increase in radius of the optical fibre 100.Further, refractive index profile is modified based on regulation of aplurality of parameters. The plurality of parameters includes but maynot be limited to curve parameter alpha, relative refractive index deltaand radius. The curve parameter alpha is a non-dimensional parameterthat is indicative of shape of refractive index profile. The refractiveindex profile of the optical fibre 100 is given by:

${n(r)} = {{{n_{\max}\left\lbrack {1 - {2\Delta 1\left( \frac{r}{R1} \right)^{\alpha}}} \right\rbrack}^{0.5}\mspace{14mu} {for}\mspace{14mu} r} \leq {R\; 1}}$n(r) = n_(clad)  for  R 1 ≤ r < R 2  and  r ≥ R 5${n(r)} = {{n_{clad} - {{n_{trench}\left\lbrack {1 + {2\Delta 3\left( \frac{\left( {{R3} - r} \right)}{\left( {{R\; 3} - {R\; 2}} \right)} \right)^{\alpha_{{trench}\; \_ \; 1}}}} \right\rbrack}^{0.5}\mspace{14mu} {for}\mspace{14mu} R\; 2}} \leq r < {R\; 3}}$${n(r)} = {{n_{{trench}\; \_ \; 1} - {{n_{{trench}\; \_ \; 2}\left\lbrack {1 + {2\Delta 4\left( \frac{\left( {{R4} - r} \right)}{\left( {{R\; 4} - {R\; 3}} \right)} \right)^{\alpha_{{trench}\; \_ \; 2}}}} \right\rbrack}^{0.5}\mspace{14mu} {for}\mspace{14mu} R\; 3}} \leq r < {R4}}$${n(r)} = {{n_{{trench}\; \_ \; 2} - {{n_{{trench}\; \_ \; 3}\left\lbrack {1 + {2\Delta 5\left( \frac{\left( {{R5} - r} \right)}{\left( {{R\; 5} - {R\; 4}} \right)} \right)^{\alpha_{{trench}\; \_ \; 3}}}} \right\rbrack}^{0.5}\mspace{14mu} {for}\mspace{14mu} R\; 4}} \leq r < {R5}}$

-   -   Region 1 is core region and n_(max) is the maximum refractive        index of the core region. Region 2 is buffer clad region and        n_(clad) is the refractive index of the pure silica. Region 3 is        primary trench region, n_(trench_1) is the minimum refractive        index of the primary trench region. Region 4 is second trench        region and n_(trench_2) is the minimum refractive index of the        second trench region. Region 5 is third trench region and        n_(trench_3) is the minimum refractive index of the third trench        region.

The present disclosure provides numerous advantages over the prior art.The present disclosure provides the first optical fibre having theplurality of optical characteristics well below the standard limitrecommended by ITU-T. The present disclosure provides the optical fibrewith low attenuation, large mode field diameter and low latency. Inaddition, the present disclosure provides the optical fibre possessinghigh optical signal to noise ratio along with improved characteristicsof optical fibre following the ITU-T G.654E recommendations.Furthermore, the characteristics of the first optical fibre have reducednon-linear effects. In addition, the characteristics of the firstoptical fibre include but may not be limited to lower attenuation, lowlatency, large effective area, zero dispersion.

The foregoing descriptions of pre-defined embodiments of the presenttechnology have been presented for purposes of illustration anddescription. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit thepresent technology to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously manymodifications and variations are possible in light of the aboveteaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to bestexplain the principles of the present technology and its practicalapplication, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilizethe present technology and various embodiments with variousmodifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It isunderstood that various omissions and substitutions of equivalents arecontemplated as circumstance may suggest or render expedient, but suchare intended to cover the application or implementation.

What is claimed is:
 1. An optical fibre (100) comprising: a core region(102), wherein the core region (102) has a radius r₁, wherein the coreregion (102) has a relative refractive index Δ₁, wherein The relativerefractive index Δ₁ is in range of about 0 to 0.13; a primary trenchregion (106), wherein the primary trench region (106) has a relativerefractive index Δ₃, wherein the primary trench region (106) has a curveparameter α_(trench-1); and a secondary trench region (108) adjacent tothe primary trench region (106), wherein the secondary trench region(108) has a relative refractive index Δ₄, wherein the secondary trenchregion (108) has a curve parameter alpha α_(trench-2).
 2. The opticalfibre (100) as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a buffer cladregion (104), wherein the buffer clad region (104) separates the coreregion (102) and the primary trench region (106). 20
 3. The opticalfibre (100) as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a buffer cladregion (104), wherein the buffer clad region (104) separates the coreregion (102) and the primary trench region (106), wherein the bufferclad region (104) has a relative refractive index Δ₂, wherein Therelative refractive index Δ₂ is in range of about −0.05 to 0.05, whereinthe buffer clad region (104) has a radius r₂, wherein the radius r₂ isin range of about 6 micrometer to 6.4 micrometer.
 4. The optical fibre(100) as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a buffer clad region(104), wherein the buffer clad region (104) separates the core region(102) and the primary trench region (106), wherein the buffer cladregion (104) has a relative refractive index Δ₂, wherein The relativerefractive index Δ₂ is in range of about −0.05 to 0.05, wherein thebuffer clad region (104) has a radius r₂, wherein the radius r₂ is inrange of about 7.3 micrometer to 7.7 micrometer.
 5. The optical fibre(100) as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a buffer clad region(104), wherein the buffer clad region (104) separates the core region(102) and the primary trench region (106), wherein the buffer cladregion (104) has a relative refractive index Δ₂.
 6. The optical fibre(100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core region (102) has a curveparameter α₁, wherein the curve parameter α₁ is in range of about 6 to9, wherein the core region (102) has the radius r₁ in range of about 4.7micrometer to 5.1 micrometer, wherein The relative refractive index Δ₃of the primary trench region (106) is in range of about −0.28 to −0.32,wherein The relative refractive index Δ₄ of the secondary trench region(108) is in range of about −0.41 to −0.45, wherein the primary trenchregion (106) has a radius r₃, wherein the radius r₃ is in range of about11 micrometer to 13 micrometer, wherein the secondary trench region(108) has a radius r₄, wherein the radius r₄ is in range of about 23micrometer to 28 micrometer.
 7. The optical fibre (100) as claimed inclaim 1, wherein the core region (102) has a curve parameter α₁, whereinthe curve parameter α₁ is in range of about 5 to 7, wherein the coreregion (102) has the radius r₁ in range of about 5.5 micrometer to 5.9micrometer, wherein The relative refractive index Δ₃ of the primarytrench region (106) is in range of about −0.28 to −0.32, wherein Therelative refractive index Δ₄ of the secondary trench region (108) is inrange of about −0.42 to −0.48, wherein the primary trench region (106)has a radius r₃, wherein the radius r₃ is in range of about 10micrometer to 14 micrometer, wherein the secondary trench region (108)has a radius r₄, wherein the radius r₄ is in range of about 16micrometer to 20 micrometer.
 8. The optical fibre (100) as claimed inclaim 1, wherein The relative refractive index Δ₄ of the secondarytrench region (108) is greater than The relative refractive index Δ₃ ofthe primary trench region (106).
 9. The optical fibre (100) as claimedin claim 1, further comprising a third trench region, wherein the thirdtrench region (114) is adjacent to the secondary trench region (108),wherein the third trench region (114) has a radius r₅, wherein theradius r₅ of the third trench region (114) is in range of about 38micrometer to 42 micrometer.
 10. The optical fibre (100) as claimed inclaim 1, further comprising a cladding region (110), wherein thecladding region (110) has a radius r_(clad), wherein the radius r_(clad)of the cladding region (110) is up to 62.5 micrometer, wherein thecladding region (110) has a relative refractive index Δ_(clad) of about0.
 11. The optical fibre (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein theoptical fibre (100) has a cable cutoff wavelength up to 1530 nanometer,wherein the optical fibre (100) has a mode field diameter in range ofabout 12 micrometer to 13 micrometer, wherein the optical fibre (100)has attenuation of up to 0.17 dB/km at a wavelength of about 1550nanometer, wherein the optical fibre (100) has chromatic dispersion inrange of about 17 picosecond per nanometer-kilometer to 23 picosecondper nanometer-kilometer at wavelength of about 1550 nanometer, whereinthe optical fibre (100) has an effective area in range of about 110micrometer square to 135 micrometer square, wherein the optical fibre(100) has macrobend loss up to 0.1 decibel per 100 turns correspondingto wavelength of 1625 nanometer at bending radius of about 30 millimeterand macrobend loss up to 0.03 decibel per 100 turns corresponding towavelength of 1550 nanometer at bending radius of about 30 millimeter.12. An optical fibre (100) comprising: a core region (102), wherein thecore region (102) has a radius r₁, wherein the core region (102) has arelative refractive index Δ₁, wherein The relative refractive index Δ₁is in range of about 0 to 0.13; a primary trench region (106), whereinthe primary trench region (106) has a relative refractive index Δ₃,wherein the primary trench region (106) has a curve parameterα_(trench-1); and a secondary trench region (108) adjacent to theprimary trench region (106), wherein the secondary trench region (108)has a relative refractive index Δ₄, wherein the secondary trench region(108) has a curve parameter α_(trench-1), wherein The relativerefractive index Δ₄ of the secondary trench region (108) is greater thanThe relative refractive index Δ₃ of the primary trench region (106),wherein the optical fibre (100) has a cable cutoff wavelength up to 1530nanometer, wherein the optical fibre (100) has a mode field diameter inrange of about 12 micrometer to 13 micrometer, wherein the optical fibre(100) has chromatic dispersion in range of about 17 picosecond pernanometer-kilometer to 23 picosecond per nanometer kilometer atwavelength of about 1550 nanometer, wherein the optical fibre (100) hasan effective area in range of about 110 micrometer square to 135micrometer square, wherein the optical fibre (100) has macrobend loss upto 0.1 decibel per 100 turns corresponding to wavelength of 1625nanometer at bending radius of about 30 millimeter and macrobend loss upto 0.03 decibel per 100 turns corresponding to wavelength of 1550nanometer at bending radius of about 30 millimeter.
 13. The opticalfibre (100) as claimed in claim 13, further comprising a buffer cladregion (104), wherein the buffer clad region (104) separates the coreregion (102) and the primary trench region (106).
 14. The optical fibre(100) as claimed in claim 13, further comprising a buffer clad region(104), wherein the buffer clad region (104) separates the core region(102) and the primary trench region (106), wherein the buffer cladregion (104) has a relative refractive index Δ₂, wherein The relativerefractive index Δ₂ is in range of about −0.05 to 0.05, wherein thebuffer clad region (104) has a radius r₂, wherein the radius r₂ is inrange of about 6 micrometer to 6.4 micrometer, wherein the core region(102) has a curve parameter α₁, wherein the curve parameter α₁ is inrange of about 6 to 9, wherein the core region (102) has the radius r₁in range of about 4.7 micrometer to 5.1 micrometer, wherein The relativerefractive index Δ₃ of the primary trench region (106) is in range ofabout −0.28 to −0.32, wherein The relative refractive index Δ₄ of thesecondary trench region (108) is in range of about −0.41 to −0.45,wherein the primary trench region (106) has a radius r₃, wherein theradius r₃ is in range of about 11 micrometer to 13 micrometer, whereinthe secondary trench region (108) has a radius r₄, wherein the radius r₄is in range of about 23 micrometer to 28 micrometer.
 15. The opticalfibre (100) as claimed in claim 13, further comprising a buffer cladregion (104), wherein the buffer clad region (104) separates the coreregion (102) and the primary trench region (106), wherein the bufferclad region (104) has a relative refractive index Δ₂, wherein Therelative refractive index Δ₂ is in range of about −0.05 to 0.05, whereinthe buffer clad region (104) has a radius r₂, wherein the radius r₂ isin range of about 7.3 micrometer to 7.7 micrometer, wherein the coreregion (102) has a curve parameter α₁, wherein the curve parameter α₁ isin range of about 5 to 7, wherein the core region (102) has the radiusr₁ in range of about 5.5 micrometer to 5.9 micrometer, wherein Therelative refractive index Δ₃ of the primary trench region (106) is inrange of about −0.28 to −0.32, wherein The relative refractive index Δ₄of the secondary trench region (108) is in range of about −0.42 to−0.48, wherein the primary trench region (106) has a radius r₃, whereinthe radius r₃ is in range of about 10 micrometer to 14 micrometer,wherein the secondary trench region (108) has a radius r₄, wherein theradius r₄ is in range of about 16 micrometer to 20 micrometer.
 16. Theoptical fibre (100) as claimed in claim 13, further comprising a bufferclad region (104), wherein the buffer clad region (104) separates thecore region (102) and the primary trench region (106), wherein thebuffer clad region (104) has a relative refractive index Δ₂.
 17. Theoptical fibre (100) as claimed in claim 13, wherein the core region(102) is defined along a central longitudinal axis (112) of the opticalfibre (100).
 18. The optical fibre (100) as claimed in claim 13, furthercomprising a third trench region (114), wherein the third trench region(114) is adjacent to the secondary trench region (108), wherein thethird trench region (114) has a radius r₅, wherein the radius r₅ of thethird trench region (114) is in range of about 38 micrometer to 42micrometer.
 19. The optical fibre (100) as claimed in claim 13, furthercomprising a cladding region (110), wherein the cladding region (110)has a radius r_(clad), wherein the radius r_(clad) of the claddingregion (110) is up to 62.5 micrometer, wherein the cladding region (110)has a relative refractive index Δ_(clad) of about 0.